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Trout Fish Farming in Kashmir: A Thriving Industry

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Trout Fish Farming in Kashmir
Dhaar Mehak
Shahid Sareer

Trout fish though indigenous to the region of Kashmir wasn’t harnessed commercially for a very long time. Steadily in the recent past, trout fish farming has emerged as a crucial and flourishing industry in the Kashmir region. The serene valleys and pristine water bodies of Kashmir provide an ideal environment for trout fish farming, making it a significant source of income for the local population. This article explores the history, growth, equipment, costs, and case studies related to trout fish farming in Kashmir, shedding light on its importance and impact on the local economy.

Trout fish farming is a form of pisciculture, which involves the commercial breeding of the Trout fish, primarily for food. This aquaculture practice is a controlled cultivation and harvesting of aquatic animals, in this case, trout, in an artificial environment. The key to successful trout farming in Kashmir is providing these cold-water fish with the right conditions, including running water and temperatures ranging between 0 to 20 degrees Celsius. Given the fact that Trout fish have delicate bones that are easy to remove in addition to high protein content, it is preferred over other type of fish for consumption.

The history of Trout farming in Kashmir is unique and fascinating. The first batch of Trout Ova, consisting of 10,000 eggs, arrived in Kashmir in 1899 from the United Kingdom as a gift from the Duke of Bedford to the then Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. However, this initial batch perished during transit due to the absence of air transport. The second shipment from Scotland in 1900 was successful, and it marked the beginning of Trout farming in Kashmir. A portion of the fry was transferred to various locations around Srinagar, while some were reared in a private carpet factory owner’s premises in the heart of the city.

From there the growth was steady yet persistent and the Trout fish farming steadily became endemic to the region of Kashmir. Over the years, Trout farming in Kashmir has witnessed significant growth. The region’s Brown Trout attracts anglers and plays a vital role in the tourism industry. The Rainbow Trout, on the other hand, is reared for commercial purposes. A notable development is the distribution of Trout Ova to other states like Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Uttarakhand for local rearing has been taking place during the past few years.

As per the information publicised by the Fisheries department of Jammu and Kashmir, the government and private farms in the Kashmir region produce approximately 600 tonnes of trout annually, with a value exceeding Rs13 crore. The production has witnessed a steady rise over the years with no dip noted as such in alignment with the general industrial and output outcomes of the region. It has further been validated that a targeted focus on this industry has the potential to uplift thousands of households who can benefit from such cultivations. At the same time, given the global market potential the scope of growth has been projected even more rewarding.

The economic advantages of developing a sustainable and widespread Trout fish industry in the Kashmir region are quite a few. One of the main benefits has been in the form of realized income from this venture. Benefitting from the imitation effect, Trout farming has emerged as a vital source of income for the local population of the region especially the areas outside the city spheres. This industry has not only come to the support of the livelihood of farmers but has been steadily contributing significantly to the region’s economy over the course of past few decades.

The high-quality protein contents of the Trout fish has been one the main attractions behind its growing popularity. The farmed trout provides high-quality protein for human consumption which is unmatched by the substitutes available in the market. The fish meat is rich in digestible proteins, vitamins, minerals, and essential fats, including Omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for health. Given its popularity amongst the locals, the national and international market for its processed forms is quite envision-able. Trout fish farming has the potential to be integrated into the existing farms, allowing farmers to diversify their income sources and improve water management. This integration enhances the overall sustainability of the farm along with marketability and commercialization.

Given the region and the type of water, the farmers have the flexibility to choose fish species with desired characteristics for raising and thus enhancing the profitability of their farms. To establish a Trout fish farm, there are some pre-requisites and requirements that need to be met a-priori. A controlled fish pond is the basic necessity to begin a rearing Trout farm. The pond needs to be designed in a scientifically informed manner in order to provide a suitable environment for the fish to survive and thrive. Trout fish survive only in the fresh water of a certain temperature range. As such, for both the survival of the Trout fish and to maintain the quality of their meat it is necessary that the appropriate temperature is maintained throughout and thoroughly. To provide the essential nutrients to the fish, it is again essential to feed them the prescribed nutrient-rich fish food.

Farmed Trout fish take around nine to twenty months to reach the marketable size. The average annual costs associated with trout farming in Kashmir include feed costs (approx. Rs.132,130), Chemical and medicines requirements (approx. Rs.25,000), Electricity costs (approx. Rs.12,000), Transportation and oxygen costs (approx. Rs.5,000), human labour costs (approx. Rs.7,500) along with the contingency and miscellaneous costs (approx. Rs.5,000). However, the main consideration for setting up a Trout fish farm is the land requirement. The land required for Trout fish farming varies depending on the scale of operations. A minimum of 50 acres is recommended for a local agriculturist. However, semi-intensive farming can be started on a smaller scale with just a few acres of land. The costs of land vary depending on the location, with remote areas having lower land prices compared to the urban ones.

On the realized front, several individuals in the Kashmir region have found success and economic stability through trout fish farming. Hamidullah Khanday of South Kashmir’s Verinag area for example is a success story. He started his fish farm in 2010 and now sells Trout fish worth Rs 20 lakh to Rs 25 lakhs annually, producing 2400 kgs of fish per year. Khanday’s journey in fish farming began after participating in an awareness program organized by the Fisheries Department, which provided financial support, seed, and feed on 100% subsidy. Trout farming has not only transformed the lives of individual farmers but also provided employment opportunities for the local population, addressing the issue of unemployment in the region. The success stories of individuals like Hamidullah Khanday showcase the potential of trout farming as a viable, lucrative and sustainably remunerating industry specific to the region of Kashmir.

The authors are affiliated to the Department of Economics, Islamic University of Science and Technology and can be reached at dhaarmehak@gmail.com

 

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AgriBiz

Building FPO Leaders: SKUAST-K, MANAGE Hyderabad complete trainers’ training

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Building FPO Leaders

BK News

Srinagar: The month-long Training of Trainers (ToT) program for Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), organised by Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K) and Agriculture Department in collaboration with the National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad, concluded successfully, marking a major milestone in capacity building for agricultural transformation in Jammu and Kashmir.

The program brought together some of India’s foremost agricultural business experts to train nearly 300 resource persons in eight batches. Designed under SKUAST-K’s HADP Project 20: Innovative Approaches for Promoting Agriculture in J&K, the initiative aimed to strengthen farmer organizations such as FPOs, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Common Interest Groups (CIGs), and Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS). The program covered topics like FPO formation, business planning, supply chain management, and market linkages.

Building FPO LeadersThe valedictory session, held at SKUAST-K’s Shalimar Campus, was attended by Director Agriculture Kashmir, Chowdhary Mohammad Iqbal, who commended the university’s efforts in empowering trainers to lead grassroots-level transformation. He encouraged the participants to utilize their skills to create resilient and sustainable farmer organizations, emphasizing the need for market-oriented and collective farming practices.

Vice-Chancellor SKUAST-K, Prof Nazir Ahmad Ganai, who actively monitored the program, in his message stressed the importance of FPOs in transitioning J&K from subsistence farming to sustainable commercial agriculture. Drawing comparisons with advanced economies, he highlighted the urgent need to increase agricultural processing, which currently stands at just 2% in the region.

Prof Masood Saleem Mir, Associate Director Research and Principal Investigator of the HADP Innovative Extension Project, elaborated on the program’s objectives and logistics. “This training was designed to address the unique challenges faced by farmer organizations in J&K. By equipping participants with technical, managerial, and entrepreneurial skills, we aim to create a ripple effect where these trainers will mentor and guide farmers across the region,” he said. Prof Mir further highlighted the strategic collaboration with MANAGE Hyderabad and the Agriculture Production Department, which ensured the program’s success.

“Our aim is not just to train individuals but to build a system where farmers can access consistent support and practical solutions for their challenges. The comprehensive curriculum, covering everything from FPO formation to business sustainability, is tailored to meet the region’s specific needs,” Prof. Mir added.

The training, facilitated by MANAGE Hyderabad, featured country’s top expert in FPO formation, business planning and supply chain management. These experts provided strategic insights into FPO management, business sustainability, and innovative mobilization techniques, ensuring practical outcomes for the participants.

Participants praised the program for its practical orientation, stating that it had demystified the complexities of building successful FPOs. Many called for follow-up sessions focused on developing tailored, commodity-based business plans to enhance FPO effectiveness.

This initiative aligns with SKUAST-K’s vision to make J&K a model bioeconomy in the country, fostering a resilient and sustainable agricultural landscape. The university plans to replicate the program in the Jammu division, further extending its impact.

The event concluded with the distribution of certificates to the trainees and a pledge by all stakeholders to work collectively towards uplifting the region’s farming community.

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SKUAST-K innovator clinches Rs5lakh RKVY Raftaar grant

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Rs5lakh RKVY Raftaar grant

BK News

Srinagar: An innovator from Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shaista Khan, has bagged Rs5lakh RKVY Raftaar grant for Herbodyne, an herbal toothpaste based on an indigenous Kashmir plant.

Presently pursuing PhD from the SKUAST-K’s Faculty of Forestry, Benhama campus has been awarded the grant under RKVY RAFTAAR, MANAGE, Hyderabad from Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, Govt. of India. She was mentored by Prof TH Masoodi, Registrar SKUAST-K, Prof Imtiyaz Murtaza, Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Prof Parvez Ahmad Sofi, Prof. and Head, Div of FPU and Dr Nazir Ahmad Pala, Div of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Faculty of Forestry.

On talking to her, Shaista Khan says that it happened only due to the mentorship and support that she received from the mentors and the Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K. She expresses heartfelt gratitude to Prof Nazir Ahmad Ganai, VC SKUAST-K and Prof. T.H. Masoodi, Registrar SKUAST-K for providing an inspirational, motivational and unwavering support system. She also expresses her sincere thanks to her mentors Prof. T. H. Masoodi Registrar, SKUAST-K, Prof Imtiyaz Murtaza, Prof. Parvez A Sofi and Dr Nazir A Pala for their effective mentorship and for inspiring her with this innovative idea. She is also grateful to Dr Akhlaq Amin Wani, Prof.& Head, Div. of Natural Resource Management, Dr JA Mugloo, Head, KVK, Malangpora and Dr GM Bhat, Prof & Head, Silviculture and Agroforestry and other members of the faculty for their valuable support and encouragement. In addition, she says that she is very thankful to the NAHEP, SKUAST for providing financial assistance and  SKIIE, SKUAST-K for their support and guidance.

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Vegetable Science: A Potential Area for Startups in J&K

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Vegetable Science

Dr Asima Amin     Dr Baseerat Afroza      Naveed Hamid

In a world grappling with the challenges of population growth, environmental sustainability, and a shifting focus towards healthier lifestyles, the potential of vegetable science in startups emerges as a beacon of transformative innovation. The intersection of agriculture, technology, and health has given rise to a myriad of opportunities for entrepreneurs to revolutionize the way we cultivate, consume, and benefit from vegetables.

As global consciousness veers towards sustainable practices and healthier food choices, startups delving into vegetable science are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of our food systems. This introduction seeks to explore the diverse avenues where startups can harness the power of vegetable science to address pressing issues such as food security, nutritional health, and environmental impact.

From leveraging cutting-edge technologies in agriculture to developing novel plant-based food products, the potential applications of vegetable science are vast and impactful. This exploration encompasses not only the traditional aspects of farming and crop management but also delves into the realms of biotechnology, food technology and sustainable business practices.

We will delve into specific domains where startups can thrive, exploring how innovation in vegetable science can drive change in agribusiness, food technology, health and wellness, sustainability, and more. The goal is to unveil the untapped potential that lies within the realm of vegetable science, inspiring entrepreneurs, investors, and stakeholders to contribute to a more sustainable, nutritious, and equitable future.

As we embark on this journey through the fertile landscape of vegetable science in startups, envision a world where the humble vegetable becomes a catalyst for transformative change, not only in our diets but in the very fabric of how we approach agriculture, technology, and the well-being of our planet.

STARTUP AREAS

Vegetable science can play a significant role in startups across various sectors, ranging from agriculture and food technology to health and sustainability. Here are some potential areas where vegetable science can contribute to startup innovations:

  1. Ag-Tech Startups:

    • Precision Farming: Utilize technology, sensors and data analytics to optimize vegetable cultivation, ensuring efficient resource use and higher yields.
    • Vertical Farming: Develop indoor farming solutions using controlled environments, allowing year-round vegetable production in urban areas.
    • Biotechnology: Explore genetic modification and breeding techniques to enhance the nutritional content, disease resistance,and overall quality of vegetables.
  2. Food Technology:

    • Plant-Based Alternatives: Create innovative plant-based products using vegetables to meet the growing demand for vegetarian and vegan options.
    • Food Preservation: Develop technologies for extending the shelf life of vegetables, reducing food waste, and ensuring freshness during transportation.
    • Nutritional Enhancement: Explore methods to fortify vegetables with additional nutrients to address specific health concerns.
  3. Health and Wellness:

    • Functional Foods: Develop vegetable-based products with specific health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or immune-boosting properties.
    • Nutraceuticals: Investigate the medicinal properties of vegetables and create supplements or health products based on their natural compounds.
  4. Sustainability:

    • Circular Economy: Implement sustainable practices in vegetable production, such as recycling agricultural waste, utilizing organic fertilizers, and adopting eco-friendly packaging.
    • Zero-Waste Solutions: Develop technologies to utilize every part of vegetables, minimizing waste and creating by-products for various applications.
  5. Smart Farming and IoT:

    • Smart Sensors: Integrate sensors to monitor soil conditions, water levels, and plant health, allowing farmers to make data-driven decisions for optimized crop management.
    • IoT in Supply Chain: Implement IoT technologies to track and monitor vegetables throughout the supply chain, ensuring quality, reducing losses, and enhancing traceability.
  6. Education and Consulting:

    • Agribusiness Consulting: Startups can provide consultancy services to farmers on adopting modern vegetable cultivation techniques, sustainable practices, and technology integration.
    • Educational Platforms: Develop online platforms to educate farmers, entrepreneurs, and consumers about the latest advancements in vegetable science, sustainable agriculture, and healthy eating.
  7. Community and Social Impact:

    • Community Gardens: Startups can facilitate community-based vegetable gardens, promoting local produce, community engagement, and sustainable agriculture practices.
    • Social Enterprises: Combine vegetable science with social impact by addressing issues like food insecurity, promoting fair trade, and supporting local farmers.

IMPACT OF STARTUPS IN VEGETABLE SCIENCE

The potential of vegetable science in startups offers a range of benefits that extend beyond economic success. These ventures can positively impact various sectors and address pressing global challenges. Here are some key benefits:

  1. Sustainable Agriculture:

    • Resource Efficiency: Startups can develop technologies and practices that optimize resource use, such as water, fertilizers, and land, contributing to sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
    • Reduced Environmental Impact: By promoting organic farming, minimizing chemical pesticide use, and adopting eco-friendly practices, vegetable science startups can contribute to reducing the environmental footprint of agriculture.
  2. Innovation in Crop Management:

    • Increased Yields: Precision farming technologies and genetic modifications can lead to higher crop yields, addressing the growing demand for food in a world with an expanding population.
    • Disease Resistance: Genetic modifications can enhance the resistance of vegetables to pests and diseases, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and promoting healthier crops.
  3. Health and Nutrition:

    • Improved Nutritional Content: Biotechnological advancements can be harnessed to enhance the nutritional content of vegetables, providing consumers with healthier and more nutrient-rich food options.
    • Functional Foods: Startups focusing on functional foods can contribute to improved public health by developing vegetable-based products with specific health benefits.
  4. Economic Opportunities:

    • Job Creation: The growth of vegetable science startups can lead to job creation across various sectors, including agriculture, technology, research, and product development.
    • Market Expansion: Innovations in vegetable-based products can open up new markets and cater to the increasing demand for sustainable and plant-based alternatives.
  5. Food Security and Accessibility:

    • Year-Round Production: Vertical farming and controlled environment agriculture enable year-round vegetable production, reducing dependence on seasonal harvests and improving food security.
    • Localized Farming: Community-based initiatives and startups focused on local farming contribute to localized food production, reducing the need for extensive transportation and storage.
  6. Technological Advancements:

    • Smart Farming: Integration of technology in agriculture, such as smart sensors and IoT devices, leads to more efficient and data-driven farming practices, improving overall productivity.
    • Traceability and Transparency: Technologies for supply chain traceability enhance transparency in the food production process, building consumer trust and meeting the demand for ethically sourced products.
  7. Community Engagement and Social Impact:

    • Community Empowerment: Initiatives like community gardens and social enterprises create opportunities for community engagement, fostering a sense of empowerment and ownership among local populations.
    • Addressing Food Insecurity: Socially focused startups can play a role in addressing food insecurity by promoting sustainable and affordable vegetable production methods.
  8. Education and Awareness:

    • Knowledge Dissemination: Educational platforms and consulting services contribute to disseminating knowledge about sustainable agriculture practices, technology adoption, and healthy eating habits.
    • Empowering Farmers: Agribusiness consulting services empower farmers with the knowledge and tools to adopt modern practices, improving their livelihoods and the sustainability of their operations.

Conclusion

The potential of vegetable science in startups holds tremendous promise and presents exciting opportunities for innovation, sustainability, and societal impact. As the world grapples with challenges such as food security, environmental sustainability, and public health, leveraging the power of vegetable science can pave the way for transformative solutions.

Startups focusing on vegetable science can contribute significantly to agricultural advancements by developing resilient and high-yielding vegetable varieties through breeding techniques, genetic engineering and precision agriculture. This not only addresses global food demand but also aids in the conservation of resources, reduction of environmental impact, and mitigation of climate change.

Furthermore, the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and data analytics, into vegetable science can enhance crop monitoring, optimize resource utilization, and streamline supply chain processes. This not only increases efficiency but also opens new avenues for automation and smart farming practices.

The nutritional value of vegetables also plays a crucial role in promoting public health and wellness. Startups can explore innovative approaches to enhance the nutritional content of vegetables, develop functional foods, or create new plant-based products to meet the growing demand for healthy and sustainable diets.

Moreover, the rise of alternative protein sources, including plant-based proteins derived from vegetables, presents a unique opportunity for startups to contribute to the burgeoning market of sustainable protein options. By developing novel processing techniques and improving the taste and texture of plant-based products, these startups can cater to the increasing consumer preference for environmentally friendly and ethical food choices.

In Nutshell, the convergence of vegetable science, technology, and entrepreneurship holds the potential to revolutionize the agriculture and food industry. Startups that embrace this intersection can not only drive economic growth but also make significant contributions to addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing our planet. As the world continues to recognize the importance of sustainable and nutritious food systems, vegetable science startups stand at the forefront of creating a more resilient, efficient, and healthier future for all.

SKUAST K under the ambit of SKUAST K Innovation, Incubation & Entrepreneurship Centre is always ready to support new young minds or budding entrepreneurs who wish to start their enterprises or have some novel or great ideas to take it forward to convert them into minimum viable products or technologies in vegetable science field can come and take advantage of this Centre situated in SKUAST K main campus Shalimar.

The authors are faculty at SKUAST-K

 

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